castling
This is the defensive maneuver designed to protect your king which involves moving two pieces(king and rook) at once. It is the only move in chess that is legal to move a pair to pieces at once.It is of two types -same castling and anti-castling. It is legal only if the king and the rook is in their initial position and the king is not in check position. In this move king moves two spaces sideways and the rook is lapped on the opposite lap of the king.
Pawn Promotion
Advance of pawn successively to the opposite last rank of the board creates the promotion into other powerful pieces as the player's wish. It increases the number of powerful pieces in your army. Upgrading to the queen is typically the best strategy.
En-passant
This is the rare but useful offensive move - from the French for "in-passing" which is legal under certain circumstances. It occurs when one of your pawns is stationed in the fifth rank and enemy pawn in adjacent column attempts to advance two squares on its first move. Normally the enemy pawn would be captured (remember pawn attacks on diagonal). By employing an en-passant, you can move your pawn diagonally to the empty square behind the enemy pawn to capture. This is legal only if executed immediately following enemy pawn's first move.
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